Ubuntu: The Complete Introduction for Beginners

Ubuntu is linux based operating system with the origin in south africa. Its name means "humanity towards others". Back in 2004, Linux was already established as a server operating system, but free software was not yet a part of everyday life. Further, Linux was thought of as a complicated operating system which non-technical people could not use. It was at this time in 2004 that Ubuntu began as a Linux distribution aimed at ease of use. Mark Shuttleworth, the creator of the project, gathered a few developers and went on to create the most popular Linux distribution till date.

Read More

FreeBSD add a user to group

You need to use pw command. The pw utility is a command-line based editor for the system user and group files, allowing the superuser an easy to use and standardized way of adding, modifying and removing users and groups. First login as the root using su or sudo command.
Task: Add existing user to group
You would like to add existing user tom to secondary group called ftpusers. Type the command as follows:
# pw usermod tom -G ftpusers

Read More

Ubuntu Tip:How to Connect/disconnect VPN from the command line

This tutorial will explain How to Connect/disconnect VPN from the command line
If you want to interact with NetworkManager from the command line you can use the "nmcli" command.
You can list all NM connections using the following command
nmcli con
You can start connection (wifi, vpn, etc) using the following command
nmcli con up id ConnectionName

Read More

Understanding /etc/shadow file used under Linux or UNIX

/etc/shadow file stores actual password in encrypted format for user's account with additional
properties related to user password i.e. it stores secure user account information. All fields are
separated by a colon (:) symbol. It contains one entry per line for each user listed in /etc/passwd
file Generally, shadow file entry looks as follows (click to enlarge image):
/etc/shadow file fields

1. User name : It is your login name
2. Password: It your encrypted password. The password should be minimum 6-8 characters long including special characters/digits

Read More

How To: UNIX Add A User To A Group

Q. How do I add a user to a group under Sun Solaris UNIX operating system from a shell
prompt or command line?

A.. You can useadd command to administer a new user login on the UNIX system. Solaris UNIX
/ HP-UX UNIX uses /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group files to store user information.

Following information is compatible with the Solaris, AIX and HP-UX UNIX operating systems.

Read More

Linux setup shared directory

Sharing a directory among users in same group is one of the essential tasks. You need to use chmod command and add user to appropriate group. To make idea clear here is an scenario:

• /home/myproj : is shared directory
• usr1, usr2, ... usrN : would like to work and share files in /home/myproj directory
• padmin : Main project administrator user

Read More